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Large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by a persistent (>6 months) increase in circulating large granular lymphocytes, typically associated with cytopenias, autoimmune features, and clonal T-cell or NK-cell proliferation. Large granular lymphocytic leukemia is an uncommon condition also described as CD8 lymphocytosis with neutropenia or T-lymphoproliferative disease. Peripheral blood lymphocytosis comprises cells with round or […]

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is an uncommon, indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by circulating lymphocytes with fine cytoplasmic projections (“hairy” appearance), splenomegaly, pancytopenia—particularly monocytopenia—and typically absent lymphadenopathy. HCL represents approximately 2% of all leukemias, with an estimated 600–800 new cases diagnosed annually in the United States and a notably low incidence in Japan. The disease occurs predominantly in white, middle-aged […]

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative malignancy characterized by the accumulation of small, mature lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. It represents the most common form of leukemia in adults across the Western world and often presents with lymphocytosis, lymphadenopathy, or incidental findings on routine blood tests. CLL is classified under ICD-10 code […]

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), also known as acute myelogenous leukemia, is an aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of immature myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and occasionally extramedullary tissues. This uncontrolled expansion results in suppression of normal hematopoiesis due to maturation arrest at an early stage of myeloid differentiation. AML is typically diagnosed when myeloblasts […]

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphoblasts within the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Without prompt diagnosis and treatment, ALL progresses rapidly, leading to bone marrow failure and life-threatening complications. The incidence of ALL peaks in early childhood, particularly between ages 2 and 5, accounting for nearly two-thirds of all […]