Approach to Lymphocytosis

Approach to Lymphocytosis

Diagnostic Approach to Lymphocytosis:  Lymphocytes are white blood cells that serve primarily as the body’s adaptive immune system and provide humoral or cell-mediated immunity against a variety of bacterial, viral, or other pathogens. They are comprised mainly of T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells, and the body typically maintains the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) in a range of fewer […]

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Castleman Disease

Castleman Disease - Cervical Lymphadenopathy

What is Castleman Disease? Castleman disease (CD) is a rare disease of lymph nodes and related tissues. It was first described by Dr. Benjamin Castleman in the 1950s. It is also known as Castleman’s disease, giant lymph node hyperplasia, and angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (AFH). Castleman disease is not cancer. Instead, it is called a nonclonal lymphoproliferative disorder. This means there […]

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Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma

Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM), also known as Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma is an indolent B-cell malignancy in which there is a proliferation of small lymphocytes with some plasmacytoid differentiation. This rare form of blood cancer is characterized by an excess of abnormal white blood cells called lymphoplasmacytic cells in the bone marrow and overproduction of a protein called IgM. Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia is clinically more […]

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Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of disorders involving malignant monoclonal proliferation of lymphoid cells in lymphoreticular sites, including lymph nodes, bone marrow, the spleen, the liver, and the GI tract. Most Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are B-cell neoplasms though occasionally they are of T-cell lineage. These tumors may result from chromosomal translocations, infections, environmental factors, immunodeficiency states, and chronic […]

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Hodgkin’s Disease

PET Scan

Hodgkin’s Disease (Hodgkin Lymphoma) is a malignant neoplasm that usually arises in a lymph node. It results from the clonal transformation of cells of B-cell origin, giving rise to pathognomonic binucleated Reed-Sternberg cells (RS cells). The nature of the malignant RS cell remains uncertain. Clonally integrated Epstein-Barr virus is present in the RS cells in about 40% of cases. The cause […]

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